A new and path-breaking social history of France in the nineteenth century which goes beyond the traditional focus of class and class conflict, religion and anticlericalism, to explore new areas such as crime and punishment, medicalisation, consumerism and gender.

 

International trade rules have significant impacts on environmental law and policy, at the domestic, regional and global levels. At the World Trade Organization (WTO), dispute settlement tribunals are increasingly called to decide on environment- and health-related questions. Can governments treat products differently based on environmental considerations? Can they block the import of highly carcinogenic asbestos-containing products or genetically modified crops? Does the WTO allow governments to protect dolphins or endangered sea turtles through the use of import restrictions on certain products? How can civil society participate in WTO dispute settlement? This Guide, authored by five world leaders on international environmental and trade law at the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), is an accessible, comprehensive, one-of-a-kind compendium of environment and trade jurisprudence under the WTO. Providing an overview for both experts and non-experts of the major themes relevant to environment and trade, it also analyses how WTO tribunals have approached these themes in concrete disputes and provides selected excerpts of the most significant cases.

International Law for the Environment is a comprehensive exposition of contemporary international environmental law and the governance institutions that implement it. Part I sets out the drivers of threats to the planet's air, water and social support systems, the philosophical, economic, and scientific foundations of the legal responses to these threats, and the customary and treaty-based legal regimes that have emerged. Also addressed in Part I are the intersections between the environment and human rights and environmental disasters and emergencies. These regimes are placed in the context of general international law. Part II introduces the students to the major treaty-based regimes such as those addressing transboundary air and water pollution, the control of pollutants which deplete the ozone layer, global climate change, the protection of oceans, polar regions, and outer space, the disposal of hazardous wastes outside the country of origin, the protection and allocation of fresh waters and the restoration of degraded aquatic ecosystems, and the conservation of biological diversity. Also addressed are the linkages between agricultural production and the environment. Part III examines the integration of environmental considerations with respect to other areas of international law and the influence of those areas on the development of international environmental law, including a new chapter examining the relationship between armed conflict and the environment, and health and the environment, as well as chapters exploring international trade law, and the financing of sustainable development. Part IV provides an overview of the international legal system, including the international institutions and governance issues concerned with international environmental protection, as well as international dispute settlement. Throughout, the book explores the incorporation of international environmental law principles and treaty obligations into national judicial decisions and legislation. In addition, this new edition includes exercises for students in every chapter.

Including Many Studies On Anthropology, Archaeology, Art, Economics, Education, Geography, History, Law, Music, Philosophy And Other Subjects.

International Law for the Environment is a comprehensive exposition of contemporary international environmental law and the governance institutions that implement it. Part I sets out the drivers of threats to the planet's air, water and social support systems, the philosophical, economic, and scientific foundations of the legal responses to these threats, and the customary and treaty-based legal regimes that have emerged. These regimes are placed in the context of general international law. Part II introduces the students to the major treaty-based regimes such as those addressing transboundary air and water pollution, the control of pollutants which deplete the ozone layer, global climate change, the protection of oceans and polar regions, the disposal of hazardous wastes outside the country of origin, the protection and allocation of fresh waters and the restoration of degraded aquatic ecosystems, and the conservation of biological diversity. Also addressed is the linkage between agricultural production and the environment. Part III examines the integration of environmental considerations into international regimes such as human rights and environmental justice, international trade law and the financing of sustainable development. Environmental governance is discussed in Part IV, together with material on international environmental institutions and the international legal system. Throughout the book the incorporation of international environmental law principles and treaty obligations into national judicial decisions and legislation is stressed.

In this lively and stimulating study, Roger Magraw examines how the 19th-century French bourgeoisie struggled and eventually succeeded in consolidating the gains it made in 1789. The book describes the attempts of the bourgeoisie to remold France in its own image and its strategy for overcoming the resistance from the old aristocratic and clerical elites and the popular classes. Incorporating the most recent research on religion and anticlericalism, the development of the economy, the role of women in society, and the educational system, this work is the first to draw extensively on the new social history in its interpretation of events in 19th-century France.

* The most comprehensive and accessible guide to environment and trade, with thorough coverage of WTO rulings and impacts* An easy-to-use and accessible tool for practitioners, civil society, academics, students, and policy-makers who work on environmentand/or trade issues.* Authored by world-leading authorities on environment and trade law from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL)International trade rules have significant impacts on environmental law and policy at the domestic, regional and global levels. In the WTO, dispute settlement tribunals are increasingly called to decide on environment-related questions.-Can members treat products differently based on environmental considerations?-Can members block the import of highly carcinogenic asbestos-containing products or genetically modified products crops? -Can members require labeling for "dolphin-friendly" tuna? This Guide, authored by five world leaders on international environmental and trade law at CIEL, is an accessible, comprehensive, one-of-a-kind compendium of environment and trade jurisprudence under the WTO. Providing an overview for both experts and non-experts of the major themes relevant to environment and trade, it also analyzes how WTO tribunals have approached these themes in concrete disputes and provides selected excerpts of the most significant cases.